Nestled along the Bidasoa River, right on the border between Spain and France, lies a small yet fascinating territory known as Pheasant Island. This islet is undeniably a unique site of geopolitical and cultural intrigue.
The island’s most distinctive feature is its unusual shared sovereignty: every six months, its administration alternates between Spain and France, an arrangement that has remained in place for centuries.
Where is Pheasant Island?
Pheasant Island, a site of significant historical and geopolitical interest, is situated in the Bidasoa River, which forms a natural boundary between Spain and France on the western border. This modest island, covering 6,820 square metres, stands as a symbol of the diplomatic relationship between the two nations.
Located near the cities of Irún in Spain and Hendaye in France, the island may be small, but it has played a pivotal role in European history.
History of Pheasant Island
Since the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, this small island in the Bidasoa River has become a symbol of reconciliation, marking the peace agreement between France and Spain after years of conflict during the Thirty Years' War. The treaty also solidified the marriage between French King Louis XIV and the Spanish Infanta Maria Theresa of Austria.
Since then, Pheasant Island has existed as a unique international condominium, with sovereignty alternating every six months between Spain and France, making it a fascinating geopolitical curiosity. Although currently uninhabited and with access restricted to the public, the island's historical significance remains strong.
How to get to Pheasant Island
Pheasant Island attracts many curious visitors eager to explore its unique status, although it is currently closed to the public. However, the island is clearly visible from both sides of the Bidasoa River.
On the Spanish side, a riverside promenade along the GI-636 highway provides an ideal viewpoint. From here, you can easily admire the island. If you're travelling by public transport, bus line 1 from Irún stops at the JT Labandibar stop, just in front of the island.
For those preferring to drive, parking is available near Artia Park. Alternatively, you can enjoy a scenic bike ride, as the promenade features a wide bike path for cyclists.
Who owns Pheasant Island now?
You might be wondering who owns Pheasant Island at the moment. During the spring, the island is under Spanish sovereignty, with Spain holding control from February to July each year. However, administratively, it is not part of any municipality or province. From August to January, France takes ownership of the island.
Living in Irún
Irún, situated in the northeast of Spain, blends Basque tradition with a strategic location on the French border. The city boasts a unique natural setting, with the Bidasoa River and surrounding mountains, and serves as a cultural crossroads where Spanish and French influences meet.
Living in Irún offers residents the best of both history and modernity. The community values its rich heritage while embracing contemporary conveniences, providing a high quality of life alongside an impressive cultural and culinary scene.
